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    Hemostasis

    Hemostasis is a balance between procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic processes in the blood vessel. Damage to a blood vessel initiates a cascade of events involving endothelial cells, platelets and proteins. The result is the formation of a platelet-fibrin clot. Meanwhile, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic processes are started to inhibit the formation of unwanted clots (thrombosis). The following events can be distinguished in hemostasis:

    1. Platelet adhesion and aggregation (primary hemostasis): after vessel wall damage, there is reflex vasoconstriction, and the formation of a platelet thrombus on the damaged subendothelium. Disorders: thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, Von Willebrand disease.
    2. Coagulation (secondary hemostasis): after contact with tissue factor coagulation is activated, precursor pro-enzymes are converted to activated clotting factors which is accelerated by cofactors, finally resulting in fibrin formation by thrombin (the endpoint in the coagulation cascade). Disorders: coagulation factor deficiencies – hemophilia A (FVIII deficiency), hemophilia B (FIX deficiency).
    3. Anticoagulation: coagulation is inhibited by the inhibition of clotting factors and inactivation of cofactors.
    4. Fibrinolysis: lysis of fibrin to soluble fragments by plasmin and the repair of the vessel wall.

     

     

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    Platelet adhesion occurs as the result of

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    What is true about platelets? 

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