last updated 20-11-2024

Quinolones

Quinolones specifically inhibit the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is responsible for supercoiling and nicking bacterial DNA. Absence of DNA supercoiling is thought to cause cell death. In Gram-positive bacteria, topoisomerase IV is the main target of quinolones; in Gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase is main target.

Resistance may develop during therapy via mutations in the bacterial chromosomal genes encoding DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Quinolones have a good absorption and distribution, and are cleared by the kidneys. Besides some GI complaints, headache, and dizziness, these drugs are well tolerated.

Quinolones are often drug of choice for treatment of Pseudomonas infections. Furthermore, they are applied in urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexual transmitted diseases, and GI infections. Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) are effective (bactericidal) against: E. coli, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, and Neisseria.

1

Fluoroquinolones exhibit concentration-dependent killing of bacteria

2

Ciprofloxacin is NOT active against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. 

3

Fluoroquinolones have excellent oral bioavailability. 

4

Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice in children with osteomylitis. 

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